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[Code of Federal Regulations]
[Title 49, Volume 4]
[Revised as of October 1, 2003]
[CITE: 49CFR220]

[Page 248-255]
 

TITLE 49--TRANSPORTATION
CHAPTER II--FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
PART 220--RAILROAD COMMUNICATIONS


                           Subpart A--General

Sec.
220.1 Scope.
220.2 Preemptive effect.
220.3 Application.
220.5 Definitions.
220.7 Penalty.
220.8 Waivers.
220.9 Requirements for trains.
220.11 Requirements for roadway workers.
220.13 Reporting emergencies.

         Subpart B--Radio and Wireless Communication Procedures

220.21 Railroad operating rules; radio communications; recordkeeping.
220.23 Publication of radio information.
220.25 Instruction and operational testing of employees.
220.27 Identification.
220.29 Statement of letters and numbers in radio communications.
220.31 Initiating a radio transmission.
220.33 Receiving a radio transmission.
220.35 Ending a radio transmission.
220.37 Testing radio and wireless communication equipment.
220.38 Communication equipment failure.
220.39 Continuous radio monitoring.
220.41 [Reserved]
220.43 Radio communications consistent with federal regulations and 
          railroad operating rules.
220.45 Radio communication shall be complete.
220.47 Emergency radio transmissions.
220.49 Radio communication used in shoving, backing or pushing 
          movements.
220.51 Radio communications and signal indications.
220.61 Radio transmission of mandatory directives.

Appendix A to Part 220--Recommended Phonetic Alphabet
Appendix B to Part 220--Recommended Pronunciation of Numerals
Appendix C to Part 220--Schedule of Civil Penalties

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 20102-20103, 20107, 21301-21302, 21304, 21311; 
28 U.S.C. 2461, note; and 49 CFR 1.49.

    Source: 63 FR 47195, Sept. 4, 1998, unless otherwise noted.

                           Subpart A--General

Sec. 220.1  Scope.

    This part prescribes minimum requirements governing the use of 
wireless communications in connection with railroad operations. So long 
as these minimum requirements are met, railroads may adopt additional or 
more stringent requirements.

Sec. 220.2  Preemptive effect.

    Under 49 U.S.C. 20106 (formerly section 205 of the Federal Railroad 
Safety Act of 1970, 45 U.S.C. 434), issuance of the regulations in this 
part preempts any State law, rule, regulation, order, or standard 
covering the same subject matter, except a provision necessary to 
eliminate or reduce an essentially local safety hazard that is not 
incompatible with this part and that does not unreasonably burden 
interstate commerce.

Sec. 220.3  Application.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, this part 
applies to railroads that operate trains or other rolling equipment on 
standard gage track which is part of the general railroad system of 
transportation.
    (b) This part does not apply to:
    (1) A railroad that operates only on track inside an installation 
which is not part of the general railroad system of transportation; or
    (2) Rapid transit operations in an urban area that are not connected 
with the general railroad system of transportation.

Sec. 220.5  Definitions.

    As used in this part, the term:
    Adjacent tracks means two or more tracks with track centers spaced 
less than 25 feet apart.
    Control center means the locations on a railroad from which the 
railroad issues instructions governing railroad operations.
    Division headquarters means the location designated by the railroad 
where a high-level operating manager (e.g., a superintendent, division 
manager, or equivalent), who has jurisdiction over a portion of the 
railroad, has an office.
    Employee means an individual who is engaged or compensated by a 
railroad or by a contractor to a railroad, who is authorized by a 
railroad to use its wireless communications in connection with railroad 
operations.

[[Page 249]]

    Immediate access to a radio means a radio on the employee's person, 
or sufficiently close to the employee to allow the employee to make and 
receive radio transmissions.
    Joint operations means rail operations conducted by more than one 
railroad on the track of a railroad subject to the requirements of 
Sec. 220.9(a), except as necessary for the purpose of interchange.
    Locomotive means a piece of on-track equipment other than hi-rail, 
specialized maintenance, or other similar equipment--
    (1) With one or more propelling motors designed for moving other 
equipment;
    (2) With one or more propelling motors designed to carry freight or 
passenger traffic, or both; or
    (3) Without propelling motors but with one or more control stands.
    Lone worker means an individual roadway worker who is not being 
afforded on-track safety by another roadway worker, who is not a member 
of a roadway work group, and who is not engaged in a common task with 
another roadway worker.
    Mandatory directive means any movement authority or speed 
restriction that affects a railroad operation.
    Railroad operation means any activity which affects the movement of 
a train, locomotive, on-track equipment, or track motor car, singly or 
in combination with other equipment, on the track of a railroad.
    Roadway worker means any employee of a railroad, or of a contractor 
to a railroad, whose duties include inspection, construction, 
maintenance or repair of railroad track, bridges, roadway, signal and 
communication systems, electric traction systems, roadway facilities or 
roadway maintenance machinery on or near track or with the potential of 
fouling a track, and flagmen and watchmen/lookouts.
    System headquarters means the location designated by the railroad as 
the general office for the railroad system.
    Train means one or more locomotives coupled with or without cars, 
requiring an air brake test in accordance with 49 CFR part 232 or part 
238, except during switching operations or where the operation is that 
of classifying and assembling rail cars within a railroad yard for the 
purpose of making or breaking up trains.
    Working radio means a radio that can communicate with the control 
center of the railroad (through repeater stations, if necessary to reach 
the center) from any location within the rail system, except:
    (1) Tunnels or other localized places of extreme topography, and
    (2) Temporary lapses of coverage due to atmospheric or topographic 
conditions. In the case of joint operations on another railroad, the 
radio must be able to reach the control center of the host railroad.
    Working wireless communications means the capability to communicate 
with either a control center or the emergency responder of a railroad 
through such means as radio, portable radio, cellular telephone, or 
other means of two-way communication, from any location within the rail 
system, except:
    (1) Tunnels or other localized places of extreme topography, and
    (2) Temporary lapses of coverage due to atmospheric or topographic 
conditions. In the case of joint operations on another railroad, the 
radio must be able to reach the control center of the host railroad.

[63 FR 47195, Sept. 4, 1998, as amended at 65 FR 41305, July 3, 2000]

Sec. 220.7  Penalty.

    Any person (including but not limited to a railroad; any manager, 
supervisor, official, or other employee or agent of a railroad; any 
owner, manufacturer, lessor, or lessee of railroad equipment, track, or 
facilities; any independent contractor providing goods or services to a 
railroad; and any employee of such owner, manufacturer, lessor, lessee, 
or independent contractor) who violates any requirement of this part or 
causes the violation of any such requirement is subject to a civil 
penalty of at least $500 and not more than $11,000 per violation, except 
that: Penalties may be assessed against individuals only for willful 
violations; where a grossly negligent violation or a pattern of repeated 
violations has created an imminent hazard of death or injury, or has 
caused death or injury, a

[[Page 250]]

penalty not to exceed $22,000 per violation may be assessed; and the 
standard of liability for a railroad will vary depending upon the 
requirement involved. Each day a violation continues shall constitute a 
separate offense. (See appendix C to this part for a statement of agency 
civil penalty policy.)

Sec. 220.8  Waivers.

    (a) Any person subject to a requirement of this part may petition 
the Administrator for a waiver of compliance with such requirement. The 
filing of such a petition does not affect that person's responsibility 
for compliance with that requirement while the petition is being 
considered.
    (b) Each petition for waiver must be filed in the manner and contain 
the information required by part 211 of this chapter.
    (c) If the Administrator finds that a waiver of compliance is in the 
public interest and is consistent with railroad safety, the 
Administrator may grant the waiver subject to any conditions the 
Administrator deems necessary.

Sec. 220.9  Requirements for trains.

    (a) Except as provided for in paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this 
section, on and after July 1, 1999, each occupied controlling locomotive 
in a train shall have a working radio, and each train shall also have 
communications redundancy. For purposes of this section, 
``communications redundancy'' means a working radio on another 
locomotive in the consist or other means of working wireless 
communications.
    (b) On and after July 1, 2000, the following requirements apply to a 
railroad that has fewer than 400,000 annual employee work hours:
    (1) Any train that transports passengers shall be equipped with a 
working radio in the occupied controlling locomotive and with redundant 
working wireless communications capability in the same manner as 
provided in paragraph (a) of this section.
    (2) Any train that operates at greater than 25 miles per hour; or 
engages in joint operations on track where the maximum authorized speed 
for freight trains exceeds 25 miles per hour; or engages in joint 
operations on a track that is adjacent to and within 30 feet measured 
between track center lines of another track on which the maximum 
authorized speed for passenger trains exceeds 40 miles per hour, shall 
be equipped with a working radio in the occupied controlling locomotive.
    (3) Any train that engages in joint operations, where the maximum 
authorized speed of the track is 25 miles per hour or less, shall be 
equipped with working wireless communications in the occupied 
controlling locomotive.
    (4) Any train not described in paragraph (b) of this section that 
transports hazardous material required to be placarded under the 
provisions of part 172 of this title shall be equipped with working 
wireless communications in the occupied controlling locomotive.

Sec. 220.11  Requirements for roadway workers.

    (a) On and after July 1, 1999, the following requirements apply to a 
railroad that has 400,000 or more annual employee work hours:
    (1) Maintenance-of-way equipment operating without locomotive 
assistance between work locations shall have a working radio on at least 
one such unit in each multiple piece of maintenance-of-way equipment 
traveling together under the same movement authority. The operators of 
each additional piece of maintenance-of-way equipment shall have 
communications capability with each other.
    (2) Each maintenance-of-way work group shall have intra-group 
communications capability upon arriving at a work site.
    (b) On and after July 1, 1999, each employee designated by the 
employer to provide on-track safety for a roadway work group or groups, 
and each lone worker, shall be provided, and where practicable, shall 
maintain immediate access to a working radio. When immediate access to a 
working radio is not available, the employee responsible for on-track 
safety or lone worker shall be equipped with a radio capable of 
monitoring transmissions from train movements in the vicinity. A 
railroad with fewer than 400,000 annual employee work hours may provide 
immediate access to working wireless communications as an alternative to 
a working radio.

[[Page 251]]

    (c) This section does not apply to:
    (1) Railroads which have fewer than 400,000 annual employee work 
hours, and which do not operate trains in excess of 25 miles per hour; 
or
    (2) Railroad operations where the work location of the roadway work 
group or lone worker:
    (i) Is physically inaccessible to trains; or
    (ii) Has no through traffic or traffic on adjacent tracks during the 
period when roadway workers will be present.

Sec. 220.13  Reporting emergencies.

    (a) Employees shall immediately report by the quickest means 
available derailments, collisions, storms, wash-outs, fires, 
obstructions to tracks, and other hazardous conditions which could 
result in death or injury, damage to property or serious disruption of 
railroad operations.
    (b) In reporting emergencies, employees shall follow:
    (1) The procedures of Sec. 220.47 when using a radio; or
    (2) The procedures specified for reporting emergencies in the 
railroad's timetables or timetable special instructions, when using 
another means of wireless communications.
    (c) Employees shall describe as completely as possible the nature, 
degree and location of the hazard.
    (d) An alternative means of communications capability shall be 
provided whenever the control center is unattended or unable to receive 
radio transmissions during a period in which railroad operations are 
conducted.

         Subpart B--Radio and Wireless Communication Procedures

Sec. 220.21  Railroad operating rules; radio communications; 
          recordkeeping.

    (a) The operating rules of each railroad with respect to radio 
communications shall conform to the requirements of this part.
    (b) Thirty days before commencing to use radio communications in 
connection with railroad operations each railroad shall retain one copy 
of its current operating rules with respect to radio communications at 
the locations prescribed in paragraphs (b) (1) and (b)(2) of this 
section. Each amendment to these operating rules shall be filed at such 
locations within 30 days after it is issued. These records shall be made 
available to representatives of the Federal Railroad Administration for 
inspection and photocopying during normal business hours.
    (1) Each Class I railroad, each Class II railroad, each railroad 
providing intercity rail passenger service, and each railroad providing 
commuter service in a metropolitan or suburban area shall retain such 
rules at each of its division headquarters and at its system 
headquarters; and (2) Each Class III railroad and any other railroad 
subject to this part but not subject to paragraph (b)(1) of this section 
shall retain such rules at the system headquarters of the railroad.
    (c) For purposes of this section, the terms Class I railroad, Class 
II railroad, and Class III railroad have the meaning given these terms 
in 49 CFR Part 1201.

Sec. 220.23  Publication of radio information.

    Each railroad shall designate where radio base stations are 
installed, where wayside stations may be contacted, and the appropriate 
radio channels used by these stations in connection with railroad 
operations by publishing them in a timetable or special instruction. The 
publication shall indicate the periods during which base and wayside 
radio stations are operational.

Sec. 220.25  Instruction and operational testing of employees.

    Each employee who a railroad authorizes to use a radio in connection 
with a railroad operation, shall be:
    (a) Provided with a copy of the railroad's operating rules governing 
the use of radio communication in a railroad operation;
    (b) Instructed in the proper use of radio communication as part of 
the program of instruction prescribed in Sec. 217.11 of this chapter; 
and
    (c) Periodically tested under the operational testing requirements 
in Sec. 217.9 of this chapter.

[[Page 252]]

Sec. 220.27  Identification.

    (a) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, the 
identification of each wayside, base or yard station shall include at 
least the following minimum elements, stated in the order listed:
    (1) Name of railroad. An abbreviated name or initial letters of the 
railroad may be used where the name or initials are in general usage and 
are understood in the railroad industry; and
    (2) Name and location of office or other unique designation.
    (b) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, the 
identification of each mobile station shall consist of the following 
elements, stated in the order listed:
    (1) Name of railroad. An abbreviated name or initial letters of the 
railroad may be used where the name or initial letters are in general 
usage and are understood in the railroad industry;
    (2) Train name (number), if one has been assigned, or other 
appropriate unit designation; and
    (3) When necessary, the word ``locomotive'', ``motorcar'', or other 
unique identifier which indicates to the listener the precise mobile 
transmitting station.
    (c) If positive identification is achieved in connection with 
switching, classification, and similar operations wholly within a yard, 
fixed and mobile units may use short identification after the initial 
transmission and acknowledgment consistent with applicable Federal 
Communications Commission regulations governing ``Station 
Identification''.

Sec. 220.29  Statement of letters and numbers in radio communications.

    (a) If necessary for clarity, a phonetic alphabet shall be used to 
pronounce any letter used as an initial, except initial letters of 
railroads. See appendix A of this part for the recommended phonetic 
alphabet.
    (b) A word which needs to be spelled for clarity, such as a station 
name, shall first be pronounced, and then spelled. If necessary, the 
word shall be spelled again, using a phonetic alphabet.
    (c) Numbers shall be spoken by digit, except that exact multiples of 
hundreds and thousands may be stated as such. A decimal point shall be 
indicated by the words ``decimal,'' ``dot,'' or ``point.'' (See appendix 
B to this part, for a recommended guide to the pronunciation of 
numbers.)

Sec. 220.31  Initiating a radio transmission.

            Before transmitting by radio, an employee shall:

    (a) Listen to ensure that the channel on which the employee intends 
to transmit is not already in use;
    (b) Identify the employee's station in accordance with the 
requirements of Sec. 220.27; and
    (c) Verify that the employee has made radio contact with the person 
or station with whom the employee intends to communicate by listening 
for an acknowledgment. If the station acknowledging the employee's 
transmission fails to identify itself properly, the employee shall 
require a proper identification before proceeding with the transmission.

Sec. 220.33  Receiving a radio transmission.

    (a) Upon receiving a radio call, an employee shall promptly 
acknowledge the call, identifying the employee's station in accordance 
with the requirements of Sec. 220.27 and stand by to receive. An 
employee need not attend the radio during the time that this would 
interfere with other immediate duties relating to the safety of railroad 
operations.
    (b) An employee who receives a transmission shall repeat it to the 
transmitting party unless the communication:
    (1) Relates to yard switching operations;
    (2) Is a recorded message from an automatic alarm device; or
    (3) Is general in nature and does not contain any information, 
instruction or advice which could affect the safety of a railroad 
operation.

Sec. 220.35  Ending a radio transmission.

    (a) Except for transmissions relating to yard switching operations, 
at the close of each transmission to which a response is expected, the 
transmitting

[[Page 253]]

employee shall say ``over'' to indicate to the receiving employee that 
the transmission is ended.
    (b) Except for transmissions relating to yard switching operations, 
at the close of each transmission to which no response is expected, the 
transmitting employee shall state the employee's identification followed 
by the word ``out'' to indicate to the receiving employee that the 
exchange of transmissions is complete.

Sec. 220.37  Testing radio and wireless communication equipment.

    (a) Each radio, and all primary and redundant wireless communication 
equipment used under Secs. 220.9 and 220.11, shall be tested as soon as 
practicable to ensure that the equipment functions as intended prior to 
the commencement of the work assignment.
    (b) The test of a radio shall consist of an exchange of voice 
transmissions with another radio. The employee receiving the 
transmission shall advise the employee conducting the test of the 
clarity of the transmission.

Sec. 220.38  Communication equipment failure.

    (a) Any radio or wireless communication device found not to be 
functioning as intended when tested pursuant to Sec. 220.37 shall be 
removed from service and the dispatcher or other employee designated by 
the railroad shall be so notified as soon as practicable.
    (b) If a radio or wireless communication device fails on the 
controlling locomotive en route, the train may continue until the 
earlier of--
    (1) The next calendar day inspection, or
    (2) The nearest forward point where the radio or wireless 
communication device can be repaired or replaced.

Sec. 220.39  Continuous radio monitoring.

    Each radio used in a railroad operation shall be turned on to the 
appropriate channel as designated in Sec. 220.23 and adjusted to receive 
communications.

Sec. 220.41  [Reserved]

Sec. 220.43  Radio communications consistent with federal regulations 
          and railroad operating rules.

    Radio communication shall not be used in connection with a railroad 
operation in a manner which conflicts with the requirements of this 
part, Federal Communication Commission regulations, or the railroad's 
operating rules. The use of citizen band radios for railroad operating 
purposes is prohibited.

Sec. 220.45  Radio communication shall be complete.

    Any radio communication which is not fully understood or completed 
in accordance with the requirements of this part and the operating rules 
of the railroad, shall not be acted upon and shall be treated as though 
not sent.

Sec. 220.47  Emergency radio transmissions.

    An initial emergency radio transmission shall be preceded by the 
word ``emergency,'' repeated three times. An emergency transmission 
shall have priority over all other transmissions and the frequency or 
channel shall be kept clear of non-emergency traffic for the duration of 
the emergency communication.

Sec. 220.49  Radio communication used in shoving, backing or pushing 
          movements.

    When radio communication is used in connection with the shoving, 
backing or pushing of a train, locomotive, car, or on-track equipment, 
the employee directing the movement shall specify the distance of the 
movement, and the movement shall stop in one-half the remaining distance 
unless additional instructions are received. If the instructions are not 
understood, the movement shall be stopped immediately and may not be 
resumed until the misunderstanding has been resolved, radio contact has 
been restored, or communication has been achieved by hand signals or 
other procedures in accordance with the operating rules of the railroad.

[[Page 254]]

Sec. 220.51  Radio communications and signal indications.

    (a) No information may be given by radio to a train or engine crew 
about the position or aspect displayed by a fixed signal. However, a 
radio may be used by a train crew member to communicate information 
about the position or aspect displayed by a fixed signal to other 
members of the same crew.
    (b) Except as provided in the railroad's operating rules, radio 
communication shall not be used to convey instructions which would have 
the effect of overriding the indication of a fixed signal.

Sec. 220.61  Radio transmission of mandatory directives.

    (a) Each mandatory directive may be transmitted by radio only when 
authorized by the railroad's operating rules. The directive shall be 
transmitted in accordance with the railroad's operating rules and the 
requirements of this part.
    (b) The procedure for transmission of a mandatory directive is as 
follows:
    (1) The train dispatcher or operator shall call the addressees of 
the mandatory directive and state the intention to transmit the 
mandatory directive.
    (2) Before the mandatory directive is transmitted, the employee to 
receive and copy shall state the employee's name, identification, 
location, and readiness to receive and copy. An employee operating the 
controls of moving equipment shall not receive and copy mandatory 
directives. A mandatory directive shall not be transmitted to employees 
on moving equipment, if such directive cannot be received and copied 
without impairing safe operation of the equipment.
    (3) A mandatory directive shall be copied in writing by the 
receiving employee in the format prescribed in the railroad's operating 
rules.
    (4) After the mandatory directive has been received and copied, it 
shall be immediately repeated in its entirety. After verifying the 
accuracy of the repeated mandatory directive, the train dispatcher or 
operator shall then state the time and name of the employee designated 
by the railroad who is authorized to issue mandatory directives. An 
employee copying a mandatory directive shall then acknowledge by 
repeating the time and name of the employee so designated by the 
railroad.
    (5)(i) For train crews, before a mandatory directive is acted upon, 
the conductor and engineer shall each have a written copy of the 
mandatory directive and make certain that the mandatory directive is 
read and understood by all members of the crew who are responsible for 
the operation of the train. Mandatory directives which have been 
fulfilled or canceled shall be marked with an ``X'' or in accordance 
with the railroad's operating rules, and retained for the duration of 
the train crew's work assignment.
    (ii) For on-track equipment, before a mandatory directive is acted 
upon, the employee responsible for on-track safety shall have a written 
copy of the mandatory directive, and make certain that the mandatory 
directive is acknowledged by all employees who are responsible for 
executing that mandatory directive. The employee responsible for on-
track safety shall retain a copy of the mandatory directive while it is 
in effect.
    (6) A mandatory directive which has not been completed or which does 
not comply with the requirements of the railroad's operating rules and 
this part, may not be acted upon and shall be treated as though not 
sent. Information contained in a mandatory directive may not be acted 
upon by persons other than those to whom the mandatory directive is 
addressed.

          Appendix A to Part 220--Recommended Phonetic Alphabet

A--ALFA
B--BRAVO
C--CHARLIE
D--DELTA
E--ECHO
F--FOXTROT
G--GOLF
H--HOTEL
I--INDIA
J--JULIET
K--KILO
L--LIMA
M--MIKE
N--NOVEMBER
O--OSCAR
P--PAPA
Q--QUEBEC
R--ROMEO
S--SIERRA

[[Page 255]]

T--TANGO
U--UNIFORM
V--VICTOR
W--WHISKEY
X--XRAY
Y--YANKEE
Z--ZULU
    The letter ``ZULU'' should be written as ``Z'' to distinguish it 
from the numeral ``2''.

    Editorial Note: At 63 FR 11621, Mar. 10, 1998, an amendment was 
published amending footnote 1 to appendix A of part 220. The amendment 
could not be incorporated because footnote 1 to appendix A of part 220 
does not exist in 49 CFR parts 200 to 399, revised as of Oct. 1, 1997.

      Appendix B to Part 220--Recommended Pronunciation of Numerals

    To distinguish numbers from similar sounding words, the word 
``figures''should be used preceding such numbers. Numbers should be 
pronounced as follows:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Number                               Spoken
------------------------------------------------------------------------
0........................................  ZERO.
1........................................  WUN.
2........................................  TOO.
3........................................  THUH-REE-.
4........................................  FO-WER.
5........................................  FI-YIV.
6........................................  SIX.
7........................................  SEVEN.
8........................................  ATE.
9........................................  NINER.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

    (The figure ZERO should be written as ``0'' to distinguish it from 
the letter ``O''. The figure ONE should be underlined to distinguish it 
from the letter ``I''. When railroad rules require that numbers be 
spelled, these principles do not apply.)
    The following examples illustrate the recommended pronunciation of 
numerals:

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 Number                               Spoken
------------------------------------------------------------------------
44.....................................  FO-WER FO-WER.
500....................................  FI-YIV HUNDRED.
1000...................................  WUN THOUSAND.
1600...................................  WUN SIX HUNDRED.
14899..................................  WUN FO-WER ATE
                                         NINER NINER.
20.3...................................  TOO ZERO DECIMAL
                                         THUH-REE.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

         Appendix C to Part 220--Schedule of Civil Penalties \1\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ A penalty may be assessed against and only for a willful 
violation. The Administrator reserves the right to assess a penalty of 
up to $22,000 for any violation where circumstances warrant. See 49 CFR 
part 209, appendix A.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               Willful
                    Section                      Violation    violation
------------------------------------------------------------------------
220.9 Requirements for trains.................       $5,000       $7,500
220.11 Requirements for roadway workers.......        5,000        7,500
220.21 Railroad Operating rules; radio
 communications...............................
(a)...........................................        5,000        7,500
(b)...........................................        2,500        5,000
220.23 Publication of radio information.......        2,500        5,000
220.25 Instruction of employees...............        5,000        7,500
220.27 Identification.........................        1,000        2,000
220.29 Statement of letters and numbers.......        1,000        2,000
220.31 Initiating a transmission..............        1,000        2,000
220.33 Receiving a transmission...............        1,000        2,000
220.35 Ending a transmission..................        1,000        2,000
220.37 Voice test.............................        5,000        7,500
220.39 Continuous monitoring..................        2,500        5,000
220.41 [Reserved].............................  ...........  ...........
220.43 Communication consistent with the rules        2,500        5,000
220.45 Complete communications................        2,500        5,000
220.47 Emergencies............................        2,500        5,000
220.49 Switching, backing or pushing..........        5,000        7,500
220.51 Signal indications.....................        5,000        7,500
220.61 Radio transmission of mandatory                5,000        7,500
 directives...................................
------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 256]]